SI Joint Dysfunction

WHAT is

SI Joint Dysfunction

Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction occurs when the SI joints, which connect the base of the spine (sacrum) to the pelvis, do not move properly or become inflamed. These joints help support the upper body and absorb impact between the spine and legs. Dysfunction can lead to pain in the lower back, hips, buttocks, or even down the legs, often worsening with activities like walking, sitting, standing, or climbing stairs.

Causes

Common Causes

  • Injury or Trauma: Falls, accidents, or sudden movements affecting the joint
  • Arthritis: Wear and tear or inflammation of the SI joint
  • Pregnancy-Related Changes: Hormonal and biomechanical changes that loosen ligaments
  • Degenerative Changes: Age-related joint wear over time
  • Postural or Mechanical Issues: Abnormal gait or uneven leg length that strains the joint

 

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms to Watch For

  • Pain in the lower back, hips, or buttocks
  • Discomfort radiating down the legs
  • Sharp, aching, or stabbing sensations in the affected area
  • Pain that worsens with standing, walking, sitting, or climbing stairs
  • Stiffness or reduced range of motion in the hips or lower back

Diagnosis

How It’s Diagnosed

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam to evaluate joint motion, tenderness, and posture. Doctors may review your medical history and order imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI to rule out other sources of pain. Special maneuvers or injections may sometimes be used to confirm SI joint involvement.

Treatment Options

Non‑surgical / Lifestyle Approaches:

  • Physical therapy and gentle exercises to improve strength and mobility
  • Anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief
  • Activity modification and posture improvement
  • Supportive belts or braces to stabilize the joint

Advanced Treatments:

  • Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
  • Rarely, surgical procedures to fuse or stabilize the SI joint