Causes
Common Causes
- Postural Kyphosis: Often caused by slouching or poor posture, especially in teens
- Scheuermann’s Kyphosis: Develops during adolescence due to abnormal vertebral growth
- Congenital Kyphosis: Present at birth from spinal bones not forming properly
- Degenerative Kyphosis: Age-related wear and tear, including disc degeneration or osteoporosis
- Neuromuscular Conditions: Disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy affecting spinal support
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms to Watch For
- Rounded or hunched appearance of the upper back
- Back pain, stiffness, or fatigue from poor posture
- Reduced flexibility or limited range of motion
- In severe cases, breathing difficulties or nerve-related symptoms
Diagnosis
How It’s Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a physical exam to assess posture and spinal alignment. X-rays measure the degree of spinal curvature, while MRI or CT scans may be ordered if there are signs of nerve involvement. In congenital or progressive cases, additional testing may be needed to evaluate bone development or underlying conditions.
Treatment Options
Non‑surgical / Lifestyle Approaches:
- Posture correction and targeted exercises
- Physical therapy to strengthen back and core muscles
- Bracing for adolescents to prevent worsening curvature
- Medications or activity modification for pain relief
Advanced Treatments:
- Spinal fusion or other corrective procedures to stabilize the spine and reduce curvature