Causes
Common Causes
- Herniated discs pressing on nearby nerve roots
- Bone spurs causing narrowing of nerve passageways
- Degenerative disc disease leading to nerve compression
- Spinal stenosis narrowing the spinal canal or foramina
- Injury or trauma damaging the spine or nerve roots.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms to Watch For
- Sharp or shooting pain radiating from the spine into the limbs
- Numbness or tingling following the affected nerve pathway
- Muscle weakness in the arm or leg depending on nerve involved
- Difficulty with fine motor skills or limb movement
- Reduced reflexes in the area served by the affected nerve.
Diagnosis
How It’s Diagnosed
- Physical exam assessing muscle strength, reflexes, and sensation
- Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans to detect disc herniation, bone spurs, or spinal narrowing
- Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies to evaluate nerve and muscle function and locate the compression.
Treatment Options
Non‑surgical / Lifestyle Approaches:
- Physical therapy to improve strength, flexibility, and relieve nerve irritation
- Activity modification to avoid movements that worsen symptoms
- Over-the-counter or prescription medications to reduce pain and inflammation
- Supportive devices such as braces or collars in select cases
Advanced Treatments:
- Surgery may be recommended if symptoms are severe or do not improve with conservative care
- Procedures may include removing herniated discs, bone spurs, or enlarging nerve passageways through techniques like discectomy, foraminotomy, or laminectomy
- Minimally invasive options may be considered depending on the cause and location of nerve compression