Causes
Common Causes
- Idiopathic (most common): Unknown cause, often develops during childhood or adolescence
- Congenital: Present at birth due to abnormal spinal bone formation
- Neuromuscular: Associated with conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy
- Degenerative: Age-related wear and tear on the spine, discs, or joints
- Injury or Trauma: Damage to the spine that alters its normal alignment
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms to Watch For
- Visible sideways curvature of the spine
- Uneven shoulders, hips, or waist
- Back pain or stiffness in some cases
- Changes in posture or gait
- In severe cases, difficulty breathing or nerve-related symptoms
Diagnosis
How It’s Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a physical exam to check posture, shoulder and hip alignment, and spinal curvature. X-rays are used to measure the degree of the curve, while MRI or CT scans may be ordered if there are concerns about nerve involvement or underlying conditions. Regular monitoring is important for children and teens who are still growing.
Treatment Options
Non‑surgical / Lifestyle Approaches:
- Observation and regular checkups for mild curves
- Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve posture
- Bracing for growing children or teens to prevent curve progression
- Pain management with medications or activity modification
Advanced Treatments:
- Spinal fusion or other corrective procedures to straighten and stabilize the spine
- Surgery is typically recommended if the curve exceeds 40°–50°, causes pain, or affects function