Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) involves the implantation of an electronic device to alleviate chronic back and leg pain. This device, referred to as a “spinal cord stimulator” or “dorsal column stimulator,” emits electrical impulses through wires or electrodes placed in proximity to the spinal cord. These impulses effectively intercept pain signals before they reach the brain. While SCS does not provide a definitive cure for chronic pain, it often reduces it by 50 percent or more. Before the implantation procedure, patients undergo a trial period employing an external device to evaluate pain levels and assess the degree of pain reduction achieved with its use.

Eligibility for Spinal Cord Stimulation

Not everyone qualifies as a candidate for SCS. This option is reserved for individuals who have exhausted conservative treatments without success, are unlikely to benefit from surgery, do not have drug dependencies, have undergone psychological evaluations and have completed trials using an external spinal cord stimulator.

Procedures

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The Process of Spinal Cord Stimulation Implantation

The implantation of a spinal cord stimulator unfolds in two stages: implanting the stimulator itself and subsequently introducing a pulse generator to power it. During the initial phase, an incision is made on the patient’s back, allowing the wires with electrodes to be threaded through and positioned adjacent to the spinal cord.
In the subsequent stage, the pulse generator is implanted by making an incision on the buttocks or abdomen. The generator is situated between layers of skin and muscle. An extension wire connects the spine to the area where the generator is positioned.
The incisions are closed using staples or sutures. The entire procedure typically lasts 1 to 2 hours, with patients typically returning home on the same day.

Recovery from Spinal Cord Stimulation Implantation

Pain resulting from the SCS implantation is managed using prescription medication and/or over-the-counter pain relievers. During the healing period, which spans 6 to 8 weeks, patients are advised to avoid activities involving lifting, bending, twisting, and stretching.

Risks and Complications Associated with Spinal Cord Stimulation

In addition to general surgical risks, those associated with SCS encompass spinal fluid leakage and paralysis. Specific complications related to the stimulator include the following:

Intermittent or cessation of device functionality
Over-stimulation or unpleasant sensations caused by the device
Misplacement of stimulation
Allergic reactions due to the device
Additionally, the device’s wires might shift or sustain damage, potentially necessitating further surgical intervention.

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Spinal Cord Stimulation