Causes
Common Causes
- Spondylolysis: Stress fractures in the vertebra from repetitive activities, especially in active children and teens (e.g., gymnasts, football players)
- Degenerative Changes: Age-related wear and tear on discs and joints
- Injury or Trauma: Sudden impacts or accidents affecting the spine
- Congenital: Rarely, abnormal spinal formation present at birth
- Postural or Mechanical Factors: Muscle imbalances or abnormal spinal alignment
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms to Watch For
- Lower back pain or stiffness
- Pain that may radiate into the buttocks or legs
- Muscle tightness in the hamstrings
- Difficulty standing or walking for long periods
- In severe cases, nerve symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs
Diagnosis
How It’s Diagnosed
Doctors diagnose spondylolisthesis with a physical exam and imaging tests such as X-rays to see vertebral alignment. MRI or CT scans may be ordered to assess nerve involvement, disc health, and severity of slippage.
Treatment Options
Non‑surgical / Lifestyle Approaches:
- Rest and activity modification to reduce stress on the spine
- Physical therapy to strengthen core and back muscles
- Bracing in children or teens to stabilize the spine during growth
- Pain management with medications or ice/heat therapy
Advanced Treatments:
- Procedures to stabilize the vertebra and prevent further slippage
- Spinal fusion may be recommended if conservative treatments fail or neurological symptoms develop